Endnotes

1. Cook, A Voyage Towards the South Pole, Introduction. ↩

2. Cook, A Voyage Towards the South Pole, vol. i, p. 23. ↩

3. Cook, A Voyage Towards the South Pole, vol. i, p. 28. ↩

4. Cook, A Voyage Towards the South Pole, vol. i, p. 268. ↩

5. Cook, A Voyage Towards the South Pole, vol. i, p. 275. ↩

6. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. 9. ↩

7. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. 14. ↩

8. Ross, Voyage to the Southern Seas, vol. i, p. 117. ↩

9. Ross, Voyage to the Southern Seas, vol. i, pp. 216⁠–⁠218. ↩

10. Ross, Voyage to the Southern Seas, vol. i, pp. 244⁠–⁠245. ↩

11. Leonard Huxley, Life of Sir J. D. Hooker, vol. ii, p. 443. ↩

12. Leonard Huxley, Life of Sir J. D. Hooker, vol. ii, p. 441. ↩

13. Nansen, Farthest North, vol. i, p. 52. ↩

14. Nansen, Farthest North, vol. ii, pp. 19⁠–⁠20. ↩

15. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. 229. ↩

16. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. vii. ↩

17. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. 273. ↩

18. See Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. ii, pp. 5, 6, 490. ↩

19. Wilson, Nat. Ant. Exp., 1901⁠–⁠1904, “Zoology,” Part ii, pp. 8⁠–⁠9. ↩

20. Wilson, Nat. Ant. Exp., 1901⁠–⁠1904, “Zoology,” Part ii, p. 31. ↩

21. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. ii, p. 327. ↩

22. Scott, The Voyage of the Discovery, vol. ii, pp. 347⁠–⁠348. ↩

23. See here through here. ↩

24. See here through here. ↩

25. See here. ↩

26. Priestley, Antarctic Adventure, pp. 232⁠–⁠233. ↩

27. Priestley, Antarctic Adventure, pp. 236⁠–⁠237. ↩

28. Priestley, Antarctic Adventure, p. 243. ↩

29. Atkinson has no doubt that the symptoms of the Northern Party were those of early scurvy. Conditions of temperature in the igloo allowed of decomposition occurring in seal meat. Fresh seal meat brought in from outside reduced the scurvy symptoms. ↩

30. This tenderness of gums and tongue is additional evidence of scurvy. ↩

31. Published by Fisher Unwin, 1914. ↩

32. Vol. ii, Narrative of the Northern Party. ↩

33. A. A. Milne. ↩

34. Ross, Voyage to the Southern Seas, vol. i, pp. 22⁠–⁠24. ↩

35. Bowers’ letter. ↩

36. Vide Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, pp. 454⁠–⁠456. ↩

37. “Atmospheric Electricity over Ocean,” by G. C. Simpson and C. S. Wright, Pro. Roy. Soc. A, vol. 85, 1911. ↩

38. See B.A.E., 1910, Nat. Hist. Report, vol. i, No. 3, p. 117. ↩

39. B.A.E., 1910, Nat. Hist. Report, vol. i, No. 3, p. 111. ↩

40. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 6. ↩

41. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 7. ↩

42. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 9. ↩

43. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 8. ↩

44. Wilson in the Discovery Natural History Reports. ↩

45. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 11⁠–⁠12. ↩

46. Wilson’s Journal. ↩

47. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 14⁠–⁠15. ↩

48. Raper, Practice of Navigation, article 547. ↩

49. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 13. ↩

50. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 21⁠–⁠22. ↩

51. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 24⁠–⁠25. ↩

52. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 2. ↩

53. My own diary. ↩

54. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 25. ↩

55. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 60. ↩

56. Wilson. ↩

57. Wilson, Discovery Natural History Report, vol. ii, part ii, p. 38. ↩

58. Wilson’s Journal. ↩

59. Levick, Antarctic Penguins, p. 83. ↩

60. Levick, Antarctic Penguins, p. 85. ↩

61. Wilson in the Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii, part i, p. 44. ↩

62. Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii, part i, Wilson, pp. 32, 33. ↩

63. Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii, part i, p. 33. ↩

64. Antarctic Manual: Seals, by Barrett-Hamilton, p. 216. ↩

65. Antarctic Manual: Seals, by Barrett-Hamilton, p. 217. ↩

66. Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii, part i, by E. A. Wilson, p. 36. ↩

67. Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii, part i, by E. A. Wilson. ↩

68. Terra Nova Natural History Report, Cetacea, vol. i, No. 3, p. 111, by Lillie. ↩

69. Terra Nova Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. i, No. 3, Cetacea, by D. G. Lillie, p. 114. ↩

70. Discovery Natural History Report, Zoology, vol. ii, part i, pp. 3⁠–⁠4, by E. A. Wilson. ↩

71. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 22. ↩

72. Wilson’s Journal, Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 613. ↩

73. Minute plants. ↩

74. Killer whale. ↩

75. Officers’ mess on the Terra Nova. ↩

76. Griffith Taylor in South Polar Times. ↩

77. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 35. ↩

78. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 39. ↩

79. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 54, 55. ↩

80. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 56. ↩

81. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 73⁠–⁠75. ↩

82. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 62. ↩

83. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 68, 69. ↩

84. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 77. ↩

85. Thomson. ↩

86. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 80. ↩

87. Wilson’s Journal, Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 613, 614. ↩

88. See here. ↩

89. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 87. ↩

90. The extreme south point of the island, a dozen miles farther, on one of whose minor headlands, Hut Point, stood the Discovery hut. ↩

91. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 88⁠–⁠90. ↩

92. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 91. ↩

93. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 52⁠–⁠93. ↩

94. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 92⁠–⁠94. ↩

95. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 111. ↩

96. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 94. ↩

97. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 100. ↩

98. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 230. ↩

99. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 113⁠–⁠114. ↩

100. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 94.-96. ↩

101. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 106. ↩

102. My own diary. ↩

103. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 111. ↩

104. My own diary. ↩

105. The South Pole, vol. i, p. 278. ↩

106. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 128. ↩

107. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 129. ↩

108. My own diary. ↩

109. See here. ↩

110. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 122. ↩

111. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 122⁠–⁠123. ↩

112. Priestley’s diary. ↩

113. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 127. ↩

114. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 134. ↩

115. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 136. ↩

116. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 138. ↩

117. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 180⁠–⁠81. ↩

118. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 187⁠–⁠188. Scott started for the Pole on November 1, 1911. Amundsen started on September 8, 1911, but had to turn back owing to low temperatures; he started again on October 19. ↩

119. Priestley’s diary. ↩

120. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 185. ↩

121. See here. ↩

122. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 190⁠–⁠191. ↩

123. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 191⁠–⁠192. ↩

124. Wilson camped with the two dog-teams on the land, and in the morning saw us floating on the ice-floes through his field-glasses. He made his way along the peninsula until he could descend on to the Barrier, where he joined Scott. ↩

125. I think he was stiff after standing so many hours. —⁠A. C.-G. ↩

126. Scott, The Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. 350. ↩

127. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 201. ↩

128. Bowers. ↩

129. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 207. ↩

130. My own diary. ↩

131. Bowers. ↩

132. My own diary. ↩

133. Bowers’ letter. ↩

134. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 604. ↩

135. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 599, 602, 607. ↩

136. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. ii, p. 53. ↩

137. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 295. ↩

138. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 432⁠–⁠433. ↩

139. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 597. ↩

140. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 362. ↩

141. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 396. ↩

142. With Scott: The Silver Lining, Taylor, p. 240. ↩

143. F. G. Jackson, A Thousand Days in the Arctic, vol. ii, pp. 380⁠–⁠381. ↩

144. See here. ↩

145. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 4. ↩

146. See here through here. ↩

147. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 352. ↩

148. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 353. ↩

149. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 353. ↩

150. See here through here. ↩

151. A thermometer which registered −77° at the Winter Quarters of H.M.S. Alert on March 4, 1876, is preserved by the Royal Geographical Society. I do not know whether it was screened. ↩

152. My own diary. ↩

153. My own diary. ↩

154. My own diary. ↩

155. My own diary. ↩

156. See here through here. ↩

157. See here. ↩

158. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 42. ↩

159. Keats. ↩

160. Bowers. ↩

161. My own diary. ↩

162. Bowers. ↩

163. Wilson in Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 58. ↩

164. My own diary. ↩

165. Wilson. ↩

166. Bowers. ↩

167. My own diary. ↩

168. My own diary. ↩

169. My own diary. ↩

170. My own diary. ↩

171. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 361. ↩

172. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 293. ↩

173. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, pp. 291⁠–⁠297; written by Lieutenant Evans. ↩

174. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, vol. i, p. 409. ↩

175. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 403. ↩

176. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 404. ↩

177. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 425. ↩

178. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 437. ↩

179. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 429. ↩

180. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 438. ↩

181. Taylor, with Scott, The Silver Lining, pp. 325⁠–⁠326. ↩

182. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 448. ↩

183. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 449. ↩

184. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 446. ↩

185. See here, here through here. ↩

186. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 453. ↩

187. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 452. ↩

188. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 438⁠–⁠439. ↩

189. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 450. ↩

190. Bowers. ↩

191. Bowers. ↩

192. My own diary. ↩

193. Bowers. ↩

194. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 463. ↩

195. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 462. ↩

196. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 461. ↩

197. Bowers. ↩

198. Bowers. ↩

199. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 465. ↩

200. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 465. ↩

201. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 468. ↩

202. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 470, 471. ↩

203. Bowers. ↩

204. A note to Cape Evans is as follows:⁠—My Dear Simpson. This goes with Day and Hooper now returning. We are making fair progress and the ponies doing fairly well. I hope we shall get through to the glacier without difficulty, but to make sure I am carrying the dog-teams farther than I intended at first⁠—the teams may be late returning, unfit for further work or nonexistent.⁠ ⁠… —⁠R. Scott ↩

205. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 474. ↩

206. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 475. ↩

207. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 476. ↩

208. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 476. ↩

209. Bowers. ↩

210. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 483. ↩

211. Bowers. ↩

212. Bowers. ↩

213. My own diary. ↩

214. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 486. ↩

215. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 486⁠–⁠489. ↩

216. Bowers. ↩

217. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 489. ↩

218. My own diary. ↩

219. My own diary. ↩

220. My own diary. ↩

221. My own diary. ↩

222. My own diary. ↩

223. Bowers. ↩

224. Scott. ↩

225. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 497. ↩

226. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 499. ↩

227. Bowers. ↩

228. My own diary. ↩

229. My own diary. ↩

230. Bowers. ↩

231. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 506. ↩

232. My own diary. ↩

233. My own diary. ↩

234. Bowers. ↩

235. See here. ↩

236. Bowers. ↩

237. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 509. ↩

238. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 510. ↩

239. My own diary. ↩

240. My own diary. ↩

241. Bowers. ↩

242. My own diary. ↩

243. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 511⁠–⁠512. ↩

244. Bowers. ↩

245. My own diary. ↩

246. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 513. ↩

247. Lashly’s diary. ↩

248. Lashly’s diary. ↩

249. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 525. ↩

250. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 521. ↩

251. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 513. ↩

252. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 529. ↩

253. See here, here, here, and here. ↩

254. My own diary, December 22, 1911. ↩

255. My own diary. ↩

256. My own diary. ↩

257. See here. ↩

258. See here. ↩

259. See here and here through here. ↩

260. See here and here. ↩

261. See here and 383. ↩

262. My own diary. ↩

263. See here. ↩

264. British Antarctic Expedition, 1910⁠–⁠1913, “Meteorology,” by G. C. Simpson, vol. i, pp. 28⁠–⁠30. ↩

265. See here through here. ↩

266. My own diary. ↩

267. My own diary. ↩

268. My own diary. ↩

269. As a matter of fact this was not the case. ↩

270. My own diary. ↩

271. My own diary. ↩

272. Atkinson in Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 309. ↩

273. My own diary. ↩

274. My own diary. ↩

275. My own diary. ↩

276. Atkinson in Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 31. ↩

277. Atkinson in Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 314. ↩

278. Atkinson’s diary. ↩

279. My own diary. ↩

280. My own diary. ↩

281. My own diary. ↩

282. My own diary. ↩

283. See Amundsen, The South Pole, vol. i, p. 264. ↩

284. Amundsen, The South Pole, vol. i, vol. i, p. 119. ↩

285. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, pp. 480⁠–⁠487. ↩

286. My own diary. ↩

287. My own diary. ↩

288. My own diary. ↩

289. Wilson’s Journal, Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 616. ↩

290. Wilson’s Journal, Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 616. ↩

291. My own diary. ↩

292. Wright’s diary. ↩

293. Wright’s diary. ↩

294. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 536. ↩

295. It is to be noticed that every return party, including the Polar Party, was supposed by their companions to be going to have a very much easier time than, as a matter of fact, they had. —⁠A. C.-G. ↩

296. Bowers. ↩

297. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 530⁠–⁠534. ↩

298. Simpson, B.A.E., 1910⁠–⁠1913, “Meteorology,” vol. i, p. 291. ↩

299. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 540. ↩

300. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 541⁠–⁠542. ↩

301. Simpson, B.A.E., 1910⁠–⁠1913, “Meteorology,” vol. i, pp. 144⁠–⁠146. ↩

302. Simpson, B.A.E., 1910⁠–⁠1913, “Meteorology,” vol. i, p. 41. ↩

303. See here through here. ↩

304. See here ↩

305. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 543. ↩

306. Wilson. ↩

307. Evidently meaning some miles from crest to crest. ↩

308. Bowers, Polar Meteorological Log. ↩

309. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 543⁠–⁠544. ↩

310. Simpson, B.A.E., 1910⁠–⁠1913, “Meteorology,” vol. i, p. 40. ↩

311. Bowers. ↩

312. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 550⁠–⁠551. ↩

313. Bowers. ↩

314. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 552. ↩

315. Bowers. ↩

316. Wilson. ↩

317. Wilson. ↩

318. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 541. ↩

319. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 549. ↩

320. Wilson. ↩

321. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 557. ↩

322. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 560, 561. ↩

323. Wilson. ↩

324. Wilson. ↩

325. Bowers. ↩

326. Wilson. ↩

327. Wilson. ↩

328. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 559. ↩

329. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 561. ↩

330. Wilson. ↩

331. Wilson. ↩

332. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 561. ↩

333. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 562, 563. ↩

334. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 566. ↩

335. Wilson. ↩

336. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 567. ↩

337. Wilson. ↩

338. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 570⁠–⁠571. ↩

339. Wilson. ↩

340. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 573. ↩

341. Wilson. ↩

342. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 575⁠–⁠576. ↩

343. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, p. 577. ↩

344. Wilson. ↩

345. See this note. ↩

346. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 582, 583. ↩

347. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 584⁠–⁠599. ↩

348. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. i, pp. 605⁠–⁠607. ↩

349. Scott, Voyage of the Discovery, vol. i, p. 449. ↩

350. Amundsen, The South Pole, vol. ii, p. 19. ↩

351. Lashly’s diary records that the Second Return Party found a shortage of oil at the Middle Barrier Depot (see here). ↩

352. Scott, “Message to the Public.” ↩

353. A full discussion of these and other Antarctic temperatures is to be found in the scientific reports of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910⁠–⁠13, “Meteorology,” vol. i, chap. ii, by G. C. Simpson. ↩

354. Modern research suggests that the presence or absence of certain vitamins makes a difference, and it may be a very great difference, in the ability of any individual to profit by the food supplied to him. If this be so this factor must have had great influence upon the fate of the Polar Party, whose diet was seriously deficient in, if not absolutely free from, vitamins. The importance of this deficiency to the future explorer can hardly be exaggerated, and I suggest that no future Antarctic sledge party can ever set out to travel inland again without food which contains these vitamins. It is to be noticed that, although the Medical Research Council’s authoritative publication on the true value of these accessory substances was not available when we went South in 1910, yet Atkinson insisted that fresh onions, which had been brought down by the ship, be added to our ration for the Search Journey. Compare recent work of Professor Leonard Hill on the value of ultraviolet rays in compensating for lack of vitamins. —⁠A. C.-G ↩

355. Scott’s Last Expedition, vol. ii, p. 356. ↩

356. My own diary. ↩

357. See here. ↩

358. Wilson, Nat. Ant. Exp., 1901⁠–⁠1904, “Zoology,” Part ii, pp. 44⁠–⁠45. ↩

359. My own diary. ↩

360. My own diary. ↩

361. My own diary. ↩

362. My own diary. ↩

363. My own diary. ↩

364. My own diary. ↩